RESEARCH

Individual intelligence.
Collective possibility.

We connect AI, robots, autonomous vehicles, and people through collective intelligence.

Through game theory, control, and learning, we turn local decisions into coordinated outcomes—and collective goals into local action.

Aerial view of vehicles with sensing rings on a palm-lined coastal road

Interactive Autonomy

Intelligence is relational.

Intelligence matters through its relationships with others. We envision autonomous systems that understand the people and agents around them, navigate competing interests, and turn individual capabilities into shared progress. The goal is autonomy that contributes to the world it participates in.

Model strategic decisions.

Individual lane choices shape how efficiently traffic merges. This work models the strategic decisions of highway mainline vehicles near on-ramps, connecting self-interested behavior with aggregate traffic performance—a foundation for designing better interactions in mixed autonomy.

A Game-Theoretic Model for Aggregate Lane Choice Behavior of Highway Mainline Vehicles at the Vicinity of On-Ramps

Ruolin Li, Jiaxi Liu, and Roberto Horowitz

American Control Conference (ACC), 5376–5381 · 2020

Conference paper

Shape the response.

A strategic AV changes more than its own trajectory: it changes how human drivers respond. This work models that feedback at weaving ramps and identifies performance plateaus and critical thresholds, showing when additional autonomy can—and cannot—improve traffic flow.

When Altruism Meets Autonomy: Managing Bottleneck Congestion with Strategic Autonomous Vehicles

Kexin Wang, Haohui He, and Ruolin Li

arXiv:2604.21941 · 2026

Preprint · Under review

Align the decisions.

MAPLE translates network-level congestion objectives into vehicle-level incentives through Pigouvian lane control. It connects the costs a lane decision imposes on others with decentralized control, aligning local actions with collective traffic efficiency.

MAPLE: Macro–Micro Aligned Pigouvian Lane Control for Mixed-Autonomy Traffic Efficiency Best Paper

Kexin Wang, Gavin Huang, Zehao Wang, Jiachen Li, and Ruolin Li

8th Bridging Transportation Researchers Conference (BTR) · 2026

Conference contribution · Manuscript under review

Western Track Best Paper Award · 8th BTR Conference, 2026

Aerial view of interconnected highways carrying traffic across an urban network

Networked Mobility

Every route changes the network.

Mobility is a connected system: what happens in one place changes what becomes possible elsewhere. We envision networks that move people and resources efficiently, expand access to opportunity, and reconcile local needs with shared capacity. Our ambition is to make connectivity a source of collective benefit.

Mobility markets Research Funding

We model ride-hailing platforms, mixed fleets, customer patience, and congestion as one coupled equilibrium. The framework examines how routing freedom and fleet composition redistribute outcomes among companies, travelers, and the wider network.

Traffic Equilibrium in Mixed-Autonomy Network with Capped Customer Waiting

Jiaxin Hou, Kexin Wang, Ruolin Li, and Jong-Shi Pang

arXiv:2512.10194 · 2025

Preprint · Under review

Infrastructure as an incentive

A unified toll-lane framework brings vehicle automation and passenger occupancy into the same policy decision. It studies who receives access, who pays, and how self-interested lane choices determine the outcome.

A Unified Toll Lane Framework for Autonomous and High-Occupancy Vehicles in Interactive Mixed Autonomy

Ruolin Li, Philip N. Brown, and Roberto Horowitz

arXiv:2403.14011 · 2024

Preprint

City lights tracing a connected regional network at night

Resilient Collective Intelligence

When the world shifts, intelligence must move together.

When conditions change, collective capability should endure. We envision people, autonomous systems, and communities that can adapt together—even when information is incomplete and resources are strained. Our goal is to help societies respond to disruption while protecting the people who depend on them.

EVAC-AI Research Funding

EVAC-AI brings people, AI agents, and transportation networks together for adaptive wildfire evacuation. We connect changing hazards with coordinated decisions, helping communities respond as conditions evolve—with vulnerable populations at the center.

NSF FIRE · $2M · 2026–2030

AI4Fire: Evaluating Large Language Models on Wildfire Tasks

Yue Zhao, Xiyang Hu, Zuobin Xiong, Zhangyu Wang, and Ruolin Li

arXiv:2610.10946 · 2026

Preprint

CatchBench: When Can an Agent Failure Be Caught?

Yue Zhao, Mengyuan Li, Ruolin Li, Prince Zizhuang Wang, Shuli Jiang, Linsey Pang, Xiongye Xiao, and Xiyang Hu

arXiv:2608.22808 · 2026

Preprint

Seeing the network

Traffic-network sensing is a resource-allocation problem: which locations deserve measurement when instrumentation is limited? This work examines the structure of optimal sensor placement, with submodularity as a lens for understanding the value of additional observations.

Submodularity of Optimal Sensor Placement Problems for Traffic Networks

Ruolin Li, Negar Mehr, and Roberto Horowitz

Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 171, 29–43 · 2023

Journal article

Across scales. Toward shared progress.

Advancing individual intelligence. Enabling collective possibility.

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